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Map of the Mughal Empire at its greatest extent, under Aurangzeb C.1707 [21]. The Mughal Empire has often been called the last golden age of India. [22] [23] It was founded in 1526 by Babur of the Barlas clan, after his victories at the First Battle of Panipat and the Battle of Khanwa, against the Delhi Sultanate and Rajput Confederation, respectively.
A silver coin of 1 karshapana of the Maurya empire, period of Bindusara Maurya about 297–272 BCE, workshop of Pataliputra. Obv: Symbols with a sun. Rev: Symbol. Dimensions: 14 × 11 mm. Weight: 3.4 g. Bindusara was born to Chandragupta, the founder of the Mauryan Empire.
The Mauryan Empire unified most of the Indian subcontinent into one state for the first time and was one of the largest empires in subcontinental history. [38] The empire was established by Chandragupta Maurya. Under Mauryan rule, the economic system benefited from the creation of a single efficient system of finance, administration, and security.
The empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE and lasted until 185 BCE. The Mauryan Empire was the first pan-Indian empire. At its height, the empire covered most of the Indian subcontinent. [3] The Mauryan Emperor was the monarchical head of state and wielded absolute rule over the empire.
The closest to an official name for the empire was Hindustan, which was documented in the Ain-i-Akbari. [29] Mughal administrative records also refer to the empire as "dominion of Hindustan" (Wilāyat-i-Hindustān), [30] "country of Hind" (Bilād-i-Hind), "Sultanate of Al-Hind" (Salṭanat(i) al-Hindīyyah) as observed in the epithet of Emperor Aurangzeb [31] or endonymous identification from ...
The empire met global demand for Indian agricultural and industrial products. [57] Cities and towns experienced growth under the Mughal Empire, which had a relatively high degree of urbanization. [58] By 1600, between 4.6% and 15% of India's population lived in urban areas, with the figure measuring between 6.4% and 11% around 1840.
In the 16th century, the Mughal Empire was founded by Timur and Genghis Khan's direct descendant Babur. His successors such Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan extended the empire. In the 17th century, Aurangzeb expanded the Mughal Empire over most of the South Asia and imposed Sharia.
This period also saw the capture and death of Shivaji's first son, Sambhaji, at the hands of the Mughals in 1689. Rajaram, his second son and successor, and later Rajaram's widow, Tarabai, lead their Maratha forces to fight individual battles against the forces of the Mughal Empire. Territory changed hands repeatedly during these years (1689 ...