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Climate change in Africa is an increasingly serious threat as Africa is among the most vulnerable continents to the effects of climate change. [1][2][3] Some sources even classify Africa as "the most vulnerable continent on Earth". [4][5] Climate change and climate variability will likely reduce agricultural production, food security and water ...
Issues include deforestation, soil degradation, air pollution, water pollution, coastal erosion, garbage pollution, climate change, Oil spills, Biodiversity loss, and water scarcity (resulting in problems with access to safe water supply and sanitation). [1] These issues result in environmental conflict and are connected to broader social ...
South Africa's energy crisis or load shedding is an ongoing period of widespread national blackouts of electricity supply. It began in the later months of 2007 towards the end of Thabo Mbeki 's second term as president, and continues to the present. [1][2] The South African government-owned national power utility, and primary power generator ...
The continent of Africa is one of the regions most rife with contemporary slavery. [1] Slavery in Africa has a long history, within Africa since before historical records, but intensifying with the trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean slave trade [2][3] and again with the trans-Atlantic slave trade; [4] the demand for slaves created an entire series ...
The main causes of water scarcity in Africa are physical and economic water scarcity, rapid population growth, and the effects of climate change on the water cycle. Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. [1] The rainfall in sub-Saharan Africa is highly seasonal and unevenly distributed, leading to ...
The African Charter is a human rights document made up of 68 articles carved up into four sections—Human and Peoples' Rights; Duties; Procedure of the Commission; and Applicable Principles. It merges the three clusters of rights, namely, civil and political rights, economic, social, and cultural rights, and group and peoples' rights.
The integration of democracy in Africa is a topic some academic scholars place to have occurred in fairly recent history, as a result of historical processes like decolonization and the collapse of communism. [4] Doorenspleet and Nijzink (2014) discuss the democratisation processes in African states like Ghana, emphasising how democratisation ...
11 May – 1 October 2009 Battle for Central Somalia (2009) 5 June 2009 Battle of Wabho. 18 June 2009 2009 Beledweyne bombing. 1–7 October 2009 Battle of Kismayo (2009) 10–14 January 2010 Battle of Beledweyne (2010) May–July 2010 Ayn clashes. 1 May 2010 Mogadishu bombings. 20 July 2010 2010 Kenya–Al-Shabaab border clash.