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A cerebral laceration is a type of traumatic brain injury that occurs when the tissue of the brain is mechanically cut or torn. [1] The injury is similar to a cerebral contusion; however, according to their respective definitions, the pia-arachnoid membranes are torn over the site of injury in laceration and are not torn in contusion.
823 Fracture of tibia and fibula; 824 Fracture of ankle; 825 Fracture of one or more tarsal and metatarsal bones; 826 Fracture of one or more phalanges of foot; 827 Other, multiple, and ill-defined fractures of lower limb; 828 Multiple fractures involving both lower limbs, lower with upper limb, and lower limb(s) with rib(s) and sternum; 829 ...
[26] [26] Examples include a severe crush injury or an open or closed fracture of an extremity. [26] Rarely, ACS can develop after a minor injury or another medical issue. [12] It can also affect the thigh, buttock, hand, abdomen, and foot. [19] [14] The most common cause of acute compartment syndrome is a fractured bone, usually the tibia.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy may cause intraparenchymal hemorrhage even in patients without elevated blood pressure. Unlike hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy does not typically affect blood vessels to deep brain structures. Instead, it is most commonly associated with hemorrhage of small vessels in the cerebral cortex. [2]
Brain herniation is associated with hyperventilation, extensor rigidity, pupillary asymmetry, pyramidal signs, coma and death. [10] Hemorrhage into the basal ganglia or thalamus causes contralateral hemiplegia due to damage to the internal capsule. [7] Other possible symptoms include gaze palsies or hemisensory loss. [7]
Early recognition of this injury is crucial for survival. Infants who have experienced a difficult operative delivery or are suspected to have a SGH require ongoing monitoring including frequent vital signs (minimally every hour), and serial measurements of hematocrits and their occipital frontal circumference, which increases 1 cm with each 40 mL of blood deposited into the subgaleal space.
Intracranial hemorrhage is a serious medical emergency because the buildup of blood within the skull can lead to increases in intracranial pressure, which can crush delicate brain tissue or limit its blood supply.
Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people.