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Computational system for predicting protein subchloroplast locations from its primary sequence. It can locate the protein whose subcellular location is chloroplast in one of the four parts: envelope (which consists of outer membrane and inner membrane), thylakoid lumen, stroma and thylakoid membrane. (bio.tools entry) [97]
Direct contact between cells allows the receptors on one cell to bind the small molecules attached to the plasma membrane of different cell. In eukaryotes, many of the cells during early development communicate through direct contact. [5] Synaptic signaling, an integral part of nervous system activity, occurs between neurons and target cells.
In excitable cells the coupling between PM depolarization and the release from the intracellular pools is essential to generate the Ca 2+ signalling. In muscle cells , at the triad , junctophilin , an integral ER membrane protein , is involved in ER-PM contact stabilization by interacting with PIPs in the PM.
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM), [1] [2] also called intercellular matrix (ICM), is a network consisting of extracellular macromolecules and minerals, such as collagen, enzymes, glycoproteins and hydroxyapatite that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.
The movement of phospholipids, even those located in the outer leaflet of the membrane, is regulated by the actin-based membrane skeleton meshwork.Which is surprising, because the membrane skeleton is located on the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane, and cannot directly interact with the phospholipids located in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane.
Meiotic drive is a type of intragenomic conflict, whereby one or more loci within a genome will affect a manipulation of the meiotic process in such a way as to favor the transmission of one or more alleles over another, regardless of its phenotypic expression. More simply, meiotic drive is when one copy of a gene is passed on to offspring more ...
In 1972, S. Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicolson developed new ideas for membrane structure. Their proposal was the fluid mosaic model, which is one of the dominant models now. It has two key features—a mosaic of proteins embedded in the membrane, and the membrane being a fluid bi-layer of lipids.
A tunneling nanotube (TNT) or membrane nanotube is a term that has been applied to cytoskeletal protrusions that extend from the plasma membrane which enable different animal cells to connect over long distances, sometimes over 100 μm between certain types of cells.