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It is associated with a high lifetime risk of squamous cell carcinomas in skin. [1] It generally presents with scaly spots and small bumps particularly on the hands, feet, face, and neck; typically beginning in childhood or a young adult. [1] The bumps tend to be flat, grow in number, and then merge to form plaques. [1]
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (/ ˌ f aɪ b r oʊ d ɪ ˈ s p l eɪ ʒ (i) ə ɒ ˈ s ɪ f ɪ k æ n z p r ə ˈ ɡ r ɛ s ɪ v ə /; [1] abbr. FOP), also called Münchmeyer disease or formerly myositis ossificans progressiva, is an extremely rare connective tissue disease in which fibrous connective tissue such as muscle, tendons, and ligaments turn into bone tissue (ossification).
People with this condition are extremely sensitive to changes in temperature due to their hard, cracked skin, which prevents normal heat loss. The skin also restricts respiration, which impedes the chest wall from expanding and drawing in enough air. This can lead to hypoventilation and respiratory failure.
Signs and symptoms of this progressive disease tend to become more marked as the child ages. Later, the condition causes wrinkled skin, kidney failure, loss of eyesight, and atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular problems. [12] Scleroderma, a hardening and tightening of the skin on trunk and extremities of the body, is prevalent.
Ichthyosis (also named fish scale disease) [1] is a family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin. [2] The more than 20 types of ichthyosis range in severity of symptoms, outward appearance, underlying genetic cause and mode of inheritance (e.g., dominant, recessive, autosomal or X-linked). [3]
Ichthyosis vulgaris (also known as "autosomal dominant ichthyosis" [1] and "Ichthyosis simplex" [1]) is a skin disorder causing dry, scaly skin.It is the most common form, and one of the mildest forms, of ichthyosis, [2] [3]: 486 affecting around 1 in 250 people. [4]
Extra protein in the diet during childhood is also beneficial, to replace that which is lost through the previously mentioned "leaky" skin. [citation needed] Steroid and retinoid products have been proven ineffective against Netherton syndrome, and may in fact make things worse for the affected individual. [citation needed]
Identification of Malassezia on skin has been aided by the application of molecular or DNA-based techniques. These investigations show that the M. globosa is the species that causes most skin disease in humans, and that it is the most common cause of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis (though M. restricta is also involved). [6]