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Photochemical smog, often referred to as "summer smog", is the chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, which leaves airborne particles and ground-level ozone. [21] Photochemical smog depends on primary pollutants as well as the formation of secondary pollutants.
It is a secondary pollutant present in photochemical smog. [1] It is thermally unstable and decomposes into peroxyethanoyl radicals and nitrogen dioxide gas. [2] It is a lachrymatory substance, meaning that it irritates the lungs and eyes. [3] Peroxyacetyl nitrate, or PAN, is an oxidant that is more stable than ozone. Hence, it is more capable ...
In organic chemistry, peroxyacyl nitrates (also known as Acyl peroxy nitrates, APN or PANs) are powerful respiratory and eye irritants present in photochemical smog. They are nitrates produced in the thermal equilibrium between organic peroxy radicals by the gas -phase oxidation of a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), or by aldehydes ...
Ground-level ozone is both naturally occurring and anthropogenically formed. It is the primary constituent of urban smog, forming naturally as a secondary pollutant through photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of bright sunshine with high temperatures. [35]
The presence of photochemical smog increases during the summer when the incident solar radiation is higher. The emitted hydrocarbons from industrial activities and transportation react with NO x quickly and increase the concentration of ozone and peroxide compounds, especially peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN).
Losing the dark. Light pollution, the term for the brightening of the night sky by unnatural lights, is increasing worldwide. On average, skies are getting 10% brighter each year globally, with ...
This page was last edited on 13 June 2008, at 20:33 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...
An intense blast of cold air shattered records in the central United States this week with temperatures up to 50 degrees below average. The bitter cold is pushing into the South and East to end ...