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With the exception of calicioid lichens, lichen growth forms are based on the appearance of the thallus, which is the vegetative (non-reproductive) part of the lichen. [5] In most species, this form is determined by the lichen's fungal partner, though in a small number, it is instead the alga or cyanobacteria (the lichen's photosynthetic ...
A lichen with a shrub-like or hairy thallus attached to the substrate at a single point. [204] fruticulose Also fruticulous . A smaller version of a fruticose lichen. [204] See related: microlichen. fulvous An yellow-brown or tawny color. [43] funiculus See umbilicate lichen. funoid Made of fibers or rope-like strands. [43] furcate Forked. [215 ...
The English word lichen derives from the Greek λειχήν leichēn ("tree moss, lichen, lichen-like eruption on skin") via Latin lichen. [27] [28] [29] The Greek noun, which literally means "licker", derives from the verb λείχειν leichein, "to lick". [30] [31] In American English, "lichen" is pronounced the same as the verb "liken ...
It was in 1869 that Simon Schwendener demonstrated that all lichens were the result of fungal attack on the cells of algal cells and that all these algae also exist free in nature. This researcher was the first to recognise the dual nature of lichens as a result of the capture of the algal component by the fungal component. [ 19 ]
The lichen is composed of two thalli; an initial primary squamulose thallus growing across bark in a scaly, flaking pattern, followed by a secondary fruticose thallus (), with cup shaped podetia (4-10cm tall) bearing terminal ascocarps contained in apothecial structures.
The cross-taxon analysis approach has shown that lichen abundance and diversity significantly influence the diversity patterns of lichenicolous fungi. This method has demonstrated that lichen communities can serve as reliable surrogates for predicting lichenicolous fungal diversity, aiding in the conservation and study of these specialised fungi.
Chrysothrix candelaris, commonly known as the mustard powder lichen [1] or gold dust lichen, [2] is a species of leprose (powdery) lichen in the family Chrysothricaceae. It typically grows on tree bark , although it has also been recorded growing on rock .
Graphis scripta is a crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is commonly called script lichen, secret writing lichen, or similar names, because its growth pattern makes it looks like writing. [1] [2] Stigmidium microspilum and Arthonia graphidicola are associated lichenicolous fungi. [2] It is variable with either curved or stellate ...