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For instance, for a large portion of names ending in -s, the oblique stem and therefore the English adjective changes the -s to a -d, -t, or -r, as in Mars–Martian, Pallas–Palladian and Ceres–Cererian; [note 1] occasionally an -n has been lost historically from the nominative form, and reappears in the oblique and therefore in the English ...
Volcanoes known to have Surtseyan activity include: Surtsey, Iceland. The volcano built itself up from depth and emerged above the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Iceland in 1963. Initial hydrovolcanics were highly explosive, but as the volcano grew, rising lava interacted less with water and more with air, until finally Surtseyan activity ...
Mayon Volcano in Albay, The most active volcano in the Philippines, famous for its perfect symmetrical cone shape. Mount Pinatubo in Zambales. The catastrophic June 1991 eruption, which formed a caldera, later filled by a crater lake, had global environmental effects. Mount Bulusan in Sorsogon; Mount Kanlaon and Mount Talinis in Negros
Augustine Volcano (Alaska) during its eruptive phase on January 24, 2006. A volcano is commonly defined as a vent or fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
The volcano has formed an impressive crater: 15 miles wide and about 62 miles around. In its ancient past, the crater was so vast that local legend claims people actually lived in it ...
A value of 0 is given for non-explosive eruptions, defined as less than 10,000 m 3 (350,000 cu ft) of tephra ejected; and 8 representing a supervolcanic eruption that can eject 1.0 × 10 12 m 3 (240 cubic miles) of tephra and have a cloud column height of over 20 km (66,000 ft). The scale is logarithmic, with each interval on the scale ...
In 1980, volcanologist George P. L. Walker proposed the Hatepe eruption as the representative of a new class called ultra-Plinian deposits, based on its exceptional dispersive power and eruptive column height. [8] A dispersal index of 50,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) has been proposed as a cutoff for an ultra-Plinian eruption. [8]
Compositional analysis has been very successful in the grouping of volcanoes by type, [9]: 274 origin of magma, [9]: 274 including matching of volcanoes to a mantle plume of a particular hotspot, mantle plume melting depths, [10] the history of recycled subducted crust, [9]: 302–3 matching of tephra deposits to each other and to volcanoes of ...