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Rubber was particularly troublesome, with Germany requiring 80% of its rubber from imports. [69] Hitler required Soviet help to procure rubber from the Far East, the shortage of which had caused Germany problems in World War I. [1] Rubber production in Malaya and the East Indies was dominated by the British and the Dutch. [1]
From June 1921, when a single payment of 1 billion gold marks was paid (roughly 1.4% of Germany's nominal 1925 GNP), until the agreement of the Dawes plan in late 1924, only relatively small cash payments were made by Germany, though partial in-kind payments continued. For example, of the 300 million gold marks due under a variable annuity in ...
Rubber production plant at the Monowitz concentration camp (Auschwitz III) During the war, as Germany acquired control of new territories (by direct annexation, by military administration, or by installing puppet governments in defeated countries), these new territories were forced by the Nazi administration to sell raw materials and ...
In order to make Germany independent from the importation of natural rubber, the first industrial plant for the production of artificial rubber was built in Schkopau near Halle (Saale) and named Buna-Werke GmbH Schkopau. It was a subsidiary of Ammoniakwerk Merseburg GmbH, later known as Leunawerke, which belonged to IG Farben. The foundation ...
The largest economy in Europe by 1900, Germany had established a primary position in several key sectors, like the chemical industry and steel production. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] High production capacity, permanent competitiveness and subsequent protectionist policies fought out with the US and Britain were essential characteristics.
However, the Great Depression resulted in the recalling of these loans and severe economic troubles and social unrest. By 1932, close to six million people were unemployed. The situation in Germany became so precarious that Hitler and the Nazi party started to gain the support of the people. [11]
Germany, with its sea trade blockaded by allied forces, was unable to import natural rubber and found it could not create enough high-quality synthetic rubber to replace it. The British Ministry of Munitions proposed an exchange of British-sourced rubber for German optical instruments through intermediaries in Switzerland. Terms were agreed for ...
Due to a volatile currency exchange rate, Germany's GDP as measured in dollars fluctuates sharply. In 2017, the country accounted for 28% of the Euro area economy according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). [25] Germany is a founding member of the European Union and the eurozone. [26] [27]