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Pre-war Germany had been a major supplier of optical equipment to the world, with production centred on the city of Jena. [1] Carl Zeiss AG was a particularly prominent company in this field. [ 4 ] In 1913 60% of British optical glass was manufactured in Jena and 30% by Parra Mantois in France. [ 1 ]
Rubber was particularly troublesome, with Germany requiring 80% of its rubber from imports. [69] Hitler required Soviet help to procure rubber from the Far East, the shortage of which had caused Germany problems in World War I. [1] Rubber production in Malaya and the East Indies was dominated by the British and the Dutch. [1]
In order to make Germany independent from the importation of natural rubber, the first industrial plant for the production of artificial rubber was built in Schkopau near Halle (Saale) and named Buna-Werke GmbH Schkopau. It was a subsidiary of Ammoniakwerk Merseburg GmbH, later known as Leunawerke, which belonged to IG Farben. The foundation ...
Prior to World War II Germany had become the world leader in the development of synthetic rubber technology. [ 6 ] To build a plant needed for mass production of Buna-S, a new company Chemische Werke Hüls GmbH was created as a joint venture between majority owner IG Farben and coal-mining company Hibernia AG , a subsidiary of Prussian state ...
For instance, the Nazis were reluctant to increase taxes on individual German citizens to pay for the war, so the top personal income tax rate for an income of 10,000 RM in 1941 was 13.7% in Germany, as opposed to 23.7% in Great Britain. [126]
During the war years, German doctors conducted experiments in concentration camps that were incompatible with medical and human ethics, including determining the limits of the viability of the human body. On November 9, 1946, after the trial of the main war criminals, the Nuremberg Doctors' trial (Ärzteprozess) began. During the process, 1,471 ...
The war cut off that supply and, by the end of 1939, the U.S. had less than half of the stock available during the previous half of the decade, according to the Library of Congress. Without rubber ...
The increasing demand for explosives during World War I exceeded the ammonia production capacities of the Oppau works of BASF, who owned the patents for the Haber process. Leuna in central Germany, out of range of French aircraft, was selected as the location of a second plant [3] named Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik, Ammoniakwerk Merseburg ...