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Capitis deminutio or capitis diminutio (diminished capacity) is a term used in Roman law, referring to the extinguishing, either in whole or in part, of a person's former status and legal capacity. There were three changes of state or condition attended with different consequences: maxima , media , and minima .
Adherents to the theory spell the term "Capitis Diminutio", and claim that capitis diminutio maxima (meaning, in Roman law, the loss of liberty, citizenship, and family) was represented by an individual's name being written in capital letters, hence the idea of individuals having a separate legal personality. [12]
Civil death (Latin: civiliter mortuus) [1] is the loss of all or almost all civil rights by a person due to a conviction for a felony or due to an act by the government of a country that results in the loss of civil rights.
"Ertränkung in Faß oder Sack" (Drowning in Barrel or Sack), a 1560 sketch showing capital punishment. Poena cullei (Latin, 'penalty of the sack') [1] under Roman law was a type of death penalty imposed on a subject who had been found guilty of parricide.
Decimation. Etching by William Hogarth in Beaver's Roman Military Punishments (1725). In the military of ancient Rome, decimation (from Latin decimatio 'removal of a tenth' [1]) was a form of military discipline in which every tenth man in a group was executed by members of his cohort.
In English, the full title can be translated as "A new method for maxima and minima, and for tangents, that is not hindered by fractional or irrational quantities, and a singular kind of calculus for the above mentioned." [2] It is from this title that this branch of mathematics takes the name calculus.
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This Wikipedia category page covers crime and punishment in ancient Rome.