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The mathematical basis for Bézier curves—the Bernstein polynomials—was established in 1912, but the polynomials were not applied to graphics until some 50 years later when mathematician Paul de Casteljau in 1959 developed de Casteljau's algorithm, a numerically stable method for evaluating the curves, and became the first to apply them to computer-aided design at French automaker Citroën ...
In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, De Casteljau's algorithm is a recursive method to evaluate polynomials in Bernstein form or Bézier curves, named after its inventor Paul de Casteljau. De Casteljau's algorithm can also be used to split a single Bézier curve into two Bézier curves at an arbitrary parameter value.
Rational Bézier curve – polynomial curve defined in homogeneous coordinates (blue) and its projection on plane – rational curve (red) In mathematics, homogeneous coordinates or projective coordinates, introduced by August Ferdinand Möbius in his 1827 work Der barycentrische Calcul, [1] [2] [3] are a system of coordinates used in projective geometry, just as Cartesian coordinates are used ...
Béziergon – The red béziergon passes through the blue vertices, the green points are control points that determine the shape of the connecting Bézier curves. In geometric modelling and in computer graphics, a composite Bézier curve or Bézier spline is a spline made out of Bézier curves that is at least continuous. In other words, a ...
The geometry of a single bicubic patch is thus completely defined by a set of 16 control points. These are typically linked up to form a B-spline surface in a similar way as Bézier curves are linked up to form a B-spline curve. Simpler Bézier surfaces are formed from biquadratic patches (m = n = 2), or Bézier triangles.
Curves make the conversion more complicated. Manual vectorization of complicated shapes can be facilitated by the tracing function built into some vector graphics editing programs . If the image is not yet in machine readable form, then it has to be scanned into a usable file format.
Geometric visualisation of conversion from a quadratic Bezier curve to a cubic Bezier curve by CMG Lee. The coloured cubic Bezier curves show that to match a quadratic Bezier curve (black curve), its two middle control points (coloured circles) are 2/3 along the line segments from the curves' end points to the quadratic Bezier curve's middle ...
The variation diminishing property of Bézier curves is that they are smoother than the polygon formed by their control points. If a line is drawn through the curve, the number of intersections with the curve will be less than or equal to the number of intersections with the control polygon.