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LCDs can either be normally on (positive) or off (negative), depending on the polarizer arrangement. For example, a character positive LCD with a backlight has black lettering on a background that is the color of the backlight, and a character negative LCD has a black background with the letters being of the same color as the backlight.
By 1970, a calculator could be made using just a few chips of low power consumption, allowing portable models powered from rechargeable batteries. The first handheld calculator was a 1967 prototype called Cal Tech, whose development was led by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments in a research project to produce a portable calculator. It could add ...
Liesegang LCD Projector. An LCD projector is a type of video projector for displaying video, images or computer data on a screen or other flat surface. It is a modern equivalent of the slide projector or overhead projector.
IPS (in-plane switching) is a screen technology for liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). In IPS, a layer of liquid crystals is sandwiched between two glass surfaces.The liquid crystal molecules are aligned parallel to those surfaces in predetermined directions (in-plane).
Having supplanted passive-matrix LCDs in general use, in common vernacular, an active-matrix LCD is also simply referred to as a LCD. As of 2025, the term "AMLCD" is uncommon as a matter of technical jargon ; instead, due to their ubiquity, different types of active-matrix liquid crystal displays are usually specified — TFT LCD , IPS LCD ...
HP-41 extension (or expansion) modules allowed the user of an HP-41 programmable calculator to extend the functionality of the machine. The HP-41 had room for up to four expansion modules at the back of calculator. The HP-41 was not the only calculator of its generation that allowed expansion modules. The TI-58 and TI-59 also had pluggable ROM ...
In 2008, LCD TV shipments were up 33 percent year-on-year compared to 2007 to 105 million units. [10] In 2009, LCD TV shipments raised to 146 million units (69% from the total of 211 million TV shipments). [11] In 2010, LCD TV shipments reached 187.9 million units (from an estimated total of 247 million TV shipments). [12] [13]
The calculator took advantage of an effect of pulsed LED operation where very brief pulses of light are perceived as brighter than a longer pulse of light with the same time-integral of intensity. A keyboard matrix circuit has a very similar arrangement as a multiplexed display, and has many of the same advantages.