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There exists a consensus among scholars that Jesus of Nazareth spoke the Aramaic language. [1] [2] Aramaic was the common language of Roman Judaea, and was thus also spoken by Jesus' disciples. Although according to new findings Hebrew was also a spoken language among Jews in Judea during the 1st century AD. [3]
Biblical Hebrew is the main language of the Hebrew Bible. Aramaic accounts for only 269 [10] verses out of a total of over 23,000. Biblical Aramaic is closely related to Hebrew, as both are in the Northwest Semitic language family. Some obvious similarities and differences are listed below: [11]
The Galilean dialect was the form of Jewish Aramaic spoken by people in Galilee during the late Second Temple period, for example at the time of Jesus and the disciples, as distinct from a Judean dialect spoken in Jerusalem. [1] [2] The Aramaic of Jesus, as recorded in the Gospels
Aramaic was the language of Jesus, [31] [32] [33] who spoke the Galilean dialect during his public ministry, as well as the language of several sections of the Hebrew Bible, including parts of the books of Daniel and Ezra, and also the language of the Targum, the Aramaic translation of the Hebrew Bible.
Per the Bible, Jesus grew up in Galilee and much of his ministry took place there. [29] The language spoken in Galilee and Judea during the 1st century amongst the common people was most frequently the Semitic Aramaic tongue, [30] [31] [32] and most scholars support the theory that Jesus spoke Aramaic, although he may have also spoken Hebrew and perhaps had some fluency in Greek.
[422] [423] There is substantial consensus that Jesus gave most of his teachings in Aramaic [424] in the Galilean dialect. [425] [426] Other than Aramaic and Hebrew, it is likely that he was also able to speak in Greek. [427] [428] [429] Modern scholars agree that Jesus was a Jew of 1st-century Judea. [430]
[86] [87] The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke recount the life, ministry, crucifixion and resurrection of a Jew named Jesus who spoke Aramaic. There are different hypotheses regarding the origin of the texts because the gospels of the New Testament were written in Greek for Greek-speaking communities , [ 88 ] and were later translated into ...
the Classical Syriac Peshitta, a rendering in Aramaic [citation needed] of the Hebrew (and some Aramaic, e.g. in Daniel and Ezra) Old Testament, plus the New Testament purportedly in its original Aramaic, and still the standard in most Syriac churches; the Harklean, a strictly literal translation by Thomas of Harqel into Classical Syriac from Greek