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Zoosphaerium neptunus, also known as the giant emerald pill millipede, is a species of millipede within the family Arthrosphaeridae. [1] Its size is an example of island gigantism , [ 2 ] it being the largest known pill-millipede in the world, with some individuals reaching a maximum length of 90 mm (3.5 inches) long. [ 2 ]
Pill millipedes are relatively short-bodied compared to most other millipedes, with only eleven to thirteen body segments, [2] and are capable of rolling into a ball when disturbed, as a defense against predators. This ability evolved separately in each of the two orders, making it a case of convergent evolution, rather than homology.
The giant isopods are noted for their resemblance to the much smaller common woodlouse (pill bug), to which they are related. [ 3 ] French zoologist Alphonse Milne-Edwards was the first [ 4 ] to describe the genus in 1879 [ 5 ] after his colleague Alexander Agassiz collected a juvenile male B. giganteus from the Gulf of Mexico .
Sphaerotheriida is an order of millipedes [1] in the infraclass Pentazonia, [2] sometimes known as giant pill millipedes. [3] They inhabit Southern Africa , Madagascar , South and Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand . [ 4 ]
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Armadillidium vulgare, the common pill-bug, potato bug, common pill woodlouse, roly-poly, slater, doodle bug, or carpenter, is a widespread European species of woodlouse. It is the most extensively investigated terrestrial isopod species. [ 2 ]
Zoosphaerium album, also known as the giant opal pill millipede, is a species of pill millipede within the family Arthrosphaeridae and order Sphaerotheriida. [1] It is an endemic species, found only within the Vohibasia forest of Western Madagascar. The species name album, refers to the white colouration of the pill millipedes exoskeleton. [2]
Sphaeromimus (Latin: sphere mimic), [1] or the chirping giant pill millipedes, is a genus of giant pill millipedes (order Sphaerotheriida) endemic to southeastern Madagascar. [2] Though described in 1902, [ 3 ] the genus was up to 2005 known from a single male specimen, whose appearance was so unusual that the authors suspected a mislabeled ...