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Faecal calprotectin (or fecal calprotectin) is a biochemical measurement of the protein calprotectin in the stool. Elevated faecal calprotectin indicates the migration of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa , which occurs during intestinal inflammation, including inflammation caused by inflammatory bowel disease .
Calprotectin becomes available in the intestinal lumen via leukocyte shedding, [1] active secretion, [2] [11] cell disturbance, and cell death. [1] [11] This results in elevated faecal calprotectin levels, which can be detected in the stool.
Severe UC can exhibit high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), decreased albumin (a protein produced by the liver), and various changes in electrolytes. As discussed previously, UC patients often also display elevated alkaline phosphatase. Inflammation in the intestine may also cause higher levels of fecal calprotectin or lactoferrin. [70]
However, some physicians suggest that if the suspicion of bacterial overgrowth is high enough, the best diagnostic test is a trial of treatment. If the symptoms improve, an empiric diagnosis of bacterial overgrowth can be made. [28] There is insufficient evidence to support the use of inflammatory markers, such as fecal calprotectin, to detect ...
Other diseases may cause an increased excretion of fecal calprotectin, such as infectious diarrhea, untreated celiac disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal cystic fibrosis and neoplastic pediatric tumor cells. [68] Liver function tests are often elevated in IBD, and are often mild and generally return spontaneously to normal levels. [69]
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Fecal calprotectin, a marker of colon inflammation, may be elevated. Computed tomography of the abdomen is not routinely necessary, but may show thickening or inflammation in the distal colon (sigmoid colon) with associated diverticulosis. Treatment may consist of antibiotics, aminosalicylates (mesalamine), or prednisone. In rare cases, surgery ...
Juvenile polyps cause fecal calprotectin level to be elevated. [8] Treatment. If symptoms are present, then removal of the polyp (polypectomy) is warranted.