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A flooded engine is an internal combustion engine that has been fed an excessively rich air-fuel mixture that cannot be ignited. [1] This is caused by the mixture exceeding the upper explosive limit for the particular fuel. An engine in this condition will not start until the excessively rich mixture has been cleared. [2]
During a rollover, or when a wave washes over the craft, its engine can hydrolock, though severe damage is rare due to the special air intakes and low rotating inertia of small marine engines. Inboard marine engines have a different vulnerability as these often have their cooling water mixed with the exhaust gases in the header to quiet the engine.
Many engine–generators use a reciprocating engine, with fuels mentioned above. This can be a steam engine, such as most coal-powered fossil-fuel power plants use. Some engine–generators use a turbine as the engine, such as the industrial gas turbines used in peaking power plants and the microturbines used in some hybrid electric buses.
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NBS generators ("non-black-start units", NBSU) that require external energy (cranking power) to start. A typical example is a steam turbine unit. Micro-hydro generator units usually rely on the grid for the frequency control and reactive power management and cannot be used as BS generators as well.
Droop speed control is a control mode used for AC electrical power generators, whereby the power output of a generator reduces as the line frequency increases. It is commonly used as the speed control mode of the governor of a prime mover driving a synchronous generator connected to an electrical grid.
However, the tsunami following the earthquake quickly flooded the low-lying rooms in which the emergency generators were housed. The flooded generators failed, cutting power to the critical pumps that must continuously circulate coolant water through a nuclear reactor for several days in order to keep it from melting down after being shut down.
The university has faced its own flooding, with cancellations and significant damage to university buildings. Watkins said that the building with her office was "OK" but a tree had fallen on the roof.