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[7] [8] The three mass values are not yet known as of 2024, but laboratory experiments and cosmological observations have determined the differences of their squares, [9] an upper limit on their sum (< 2.14 × 10 −37 kg), [1] [10] and an upper limit on the mass of the electron neutrino. [11] Neutrinos are fermions, which have spin of 1 / ...
All known fermions except neutrinos, are also Dirac fermions; that is, each known fermion has its own distinct antiparticle. It is not known whether the neutrino is a Dirac fermion or a Majorana fermion. [4] Fermions are the basic building blocks of all matter. They are classified according to whether they interact via the strong interaction or ...
Particles and their antiparticles have equal and opposite charges, so that an uncharged particle also gives rise to an uncharged antiparticle. In many cases, the antiparticle and the particle coincide: pairs of photons, Z 0 bosons, π 0 mesons, and hypothetical gravitons and some hypothetical WIMPs all self-annihilate. However, electrically ...
According to certain theories, neutrinos may be their own antiparticle. It is not currently known whether this is the case. The first charged lepton, the electron, was theorized in the mid-19th century by several scientists [3] [4] [5] and was discovered in 1897 by J. J. Thomson. [6]
The electron neutrino ( ν e) is an elementary particle which has zero electric charge and a spin of 1 ⁄ 2.Together with the electron, it forms the first generation of leptons, hence the name electron neutrino.
The W bosons are known for their mediation in nuclear decay: The W − converts a neutron into a proton then decays into an electron and electron-antineutrino pair. The Z 0 does not convert particle flavor or charges, but rather changes momentum; it is the only mechanism for elastically scattering neutrinos. The weak gauge bosons were ...
The antineutron is the antiparticle of the neutron with symbol n. It differs from the neutron only in that some of its properties have equal magnitude but opposite sign.It has the same mass as the neutron, and no net electric charge, but has opposite baryon number (+1 for neutron, −1 for the antineutron).
The two types of beta decay are known as beta minus and beta plus.In beta minus (β −) decay, a neutron is converted to a proton, and the process creates an electron and an electron antineutrino; while in beta plus (β +) decay, a proton is converted to a neutron and the process creates a positron and an electron neutrino. β + decay is also known as positron emission.