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2. GNSS enhancement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNSS_enhancement

   A second form of precise monitoring is called carrier-phase enhancement (CPGPS). [1] The error, which this corrects, arises because the pulse transition of the PRN is not instantaneous, and thus the correlation (satellite–receiver sequence matching) operation is imperfect. The CPGPS approach utilizes the L1 carrier wave, which has a period of

3. Particle-laden flow - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle-laden_flow

   Particle-laden flows refers to a class of two-phase fluid flow, in which one of the phases is continuously connected (referred to as the continuous or carrier phase) and the other phase is made up of small, immiscible, and typically dilute particles (referred to as the dispersed or particle phase). Fine aerosol particles in air is an example of ...

4. Carrier recovery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_recovery

   If the phase-offset/delay of the multiply-filter-divide system is known, it can be compensated for to recover the correct phase. In practice, applying this phase compensation is complicated. [4] In general, the modulation's order matches the nonlinear operator required to produce a clean carrier harmonic. As an example, consider a BPSK signal.

5. Phasor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasor

   Phasor notation (also known as angle notation) is a mathematical notation used in electronics engineering and electrical engineering.A vector whose polar coordinates are magnitude and angle is written . [13] can represent either the vector (⁡, ⁡) or the complex number ⁡ + ⁡ =, according to Euler's formula with =, both of which have magnitudes of 1.

6. Carrier-envelope phase - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier-envelope_phase

   The carrier-envelope phase (CEP) or carrier-envelope offset (CEO) phase is an important feature of an ultrashort laser pulse and gains significance with decreasing pulse duration, in a regime where the pulse consists of a few wavelengths. Physical effects depending on the carrier-envelope phase fall into the category of highly nonlinear optics.

7. In-phase and quadrature components - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-phase_and_quadrature...

   The two amplitude-modulated sinusoids are known as the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components, which describes their relationships with the amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier. [ A ] [ 2 ] Or in other words, it is possible to create an arbitrarily phase-shifted sine wave, by mixing together two sine waves that are 90° out of phase in ...

8. Real-time kinematic positioning - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_kinematic...

   Real-time kinematic positioning (RTK) is the application of surveying to correct for common errors in current satellite navigation (GNSS) systems. [1] It uses measurements of the phase of the signal's carrier wave in addition to the information content of the signal and relies on a single reference station or interpolated virtual station to ...

9. Constellation diagram - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation_diagram

   Each symbol is encoded as a different phase shift of the carrier sine wave: 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, 315°. A constellation diagram is a representation of a signal modulated by a digital modulation scheme such as quadrature amplitude modulation or phase-shift keying. [1]