Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Pressure would then be released on demand, for the fluid to flow through micro-channels. When water travels, or streams over a surface, the ions in the water "rub" against the solid, leaving the surface slightly charged. Kinetic energy from the moving ions would thus be converted to electrical energy.
The conventional definition of the spin quantum number is s = n / 2 , where n can be any non-negative integer. Hence the allowed values of s are 0, 1 / 2 , 1, 3 / 2 , 2, etc. The value of s for an elementary particle depends only on the type of particle and cannot be altered in any known way (in contrast to the spin ...
Electrons in solids have a chemical potential, defined the same way as the chemical potential of a chemical species: The change in free energy when electrons are added or removed from the system. In the case of electrons, the chemical potential is usually expressed in energy per particle rather than energy per mole, and the energy per particle ...
For example, in high-energy environments such as the corona of a star, free electrons form a plasma that radiates energy due to Bremsstrahlung radiation. Electron gas can undergo plasma oscillation , which is waves caused by synchronized variations in electron density, and these produce energy emissions that can be detected by using radio ...
Spin states relate to chemical and biochemical reaction mechanisms because bonds can be formed only between two electrons of opposite spin (Hund's rules). Sometimes when a bond is broken in a particular manner, for example, when struck by photons, each electron in the bond relocates to each respective molecule, and a radical-pair is formed.
In electrochemistry, the electrochemical potential of electrons (or any other species) is the total potential, including both the (internal, nonelectrical) chemical potential and the electric potential, and is by definition constant across a device in equilibrium, whereas the chemical potential of electrons is equal to the electrochemical ...
Wet electrons are characterized by their intermediate energy state, which is above the ground state energy of water but below the energy level of a free electron. This state is highly reactive due to its excess energy, making wet electrons potent reducing agents capable of engaging in various chemical reactions.
Electrochemical energy is one of the many interchangeable forms of potential energy through which energy may be conserved. It appears in electroanalytical chemistry and has industrial applications such as batteries and fuel cells. In biology, electrochemical gradients allow cells to control the direction ions move across membranes.