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Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) is employee's behavior that goes against the legitimate interests of an organization. [1] This behavior can harm the organization, other people within it, and other people and organizations outside it, including employers, other employees, suppliers, clients, patients and citizens.
For example, it has been found that targets of workplace aggression report lower levels of well-being. [19] Other studies have shown that aggression in the workplace can cause the victims of such behaviors to suffer from health problems and displaced aggression - including perpetuating aggression towards random strangers in the street. [ 40 ]
Diversity themes gained momentum in the mid-1980s. At a time when President Ronald Reagan discussed dismantling equality and affirmative action laws in the 1980s, equality and affirmative action professionals employed by American firms along with equality consultants, engaged in establishing the argument that a diverse workforce should be seen as a competitive advantage rather than just as a ...
Bullying in academia is a form of workplace bullying which takes place at institutions of higher education, such as colleges and universities in a wide range of actions. [1] It is believed to be common, although has not received as much attention from researchers as bullying in some other contexts. [2]
The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. [1] [2] The effect was discovered in the context of research conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant; however, some scholars think the descriptions are fictitious.
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Workplace politics involves processes and behaviors in human interactions that include power and authority. [ 1 ] [ better source needed ] It serves as a tool to assess operational capacity and balance diverse views of interested parties.
Diversity, in a business context, is hiring and promoting employees from a variety of different backgrounds and identities.Those characteristics may include various legally protected groups, such as people of different religions or races, or backgrounds that are not legally protected, such as people from different social classes or educational levels.