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The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, [1] was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.
Protestant Reformers were theologians whose careers, works and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century. In the context of the Reformation, Martin Luther was the first reformer, sharing his views publicly in 1517, followed by Andreas Karlstadt and Philip Melanchthon at Wittenberg , who promptly joined the new movement.
Czech reformer and university professor Jan Hus (c. 1369–1415) became the best-known representative of the Bohemian Reformation and one of the forerunners of the Protestant Reformation. Jan Hus was declared heretic and executed – burned at stake – at the Council of Constance in 1415 where he arrived voluntarily to defend his teachings.
Reformed Christianity, [1] also called Calvinism, [a] is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. In the modern day, it is largely represented by the Continental Reformed , Presbyterian , and Congregational traditions, as well as parts of the Anglican (known as "Episcopal" in some regions) and ...
[1] [2] The decline is attributed mainly to the dropping membership of the Mainline Protestant churches, [1] [3] while Evangelical Protestant and Black churches are stable or continue to grow. [1] Today, 46.5% of the United States population is either Mainline Protestant, Evangelical Protestant, or a Black church attendee.
It includes the Protestant Reformation, the Counter-Reformation and the Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery. Christianity expanded throughout the world during the Age of Exploration. Christianity has thus become the world's largest religion. [1] [2] [3]
The five solae (Latin: quinque solae from the Latin sola, lit. "alone"; [1] occasionally Anglicized to five solas) of the Protestant Reformation are a foundational set of Christian theological principles held by theologians and clergy to be central to the doctrines of justification and salvation as taught by the Lutheranism, Reformed and Evangelical branches of Protestantism, as well as in ...
Continental Reformed Protestantism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that traces its origin to continental Europe.Prominent subgroups are the Dutch Reformed, the Swiss Reformed, the French Huguenots, the Hungarian Reformed, the Waldensian Church in Italy, and reformed churches in Germany, which have long been united and mixed with Lutheran ones.