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Maffesoli argues that mass society contains a paradox created by the tension between mass culture and the human propensity to form groups. Rather than producing homogenous individuals, mass society has led to the creation of many small groups: a form of tribes (French: tribus) which are defined by lifestyles and common taste.
The doubts, however, are based ultimately on the definition and meaning which different scholars give to the term 'tribe', its adjective 'tribal', and its abstract form 'tribalism'. [5] Despite the membership boundaries for a tribe being conceptually simple, in reality they are often vague and subject to change over time.
In this way he, at the same time, acknowledges that his tribe is the junior group in that particular lineage and in that district. The genealogical status, which is of course the biological tree, excluding the branches for the most part, was established and memorized. This was of the utmost importance in the tribe, especially for the chiefs.
Bands are distinguished from tribes in that tribes are generally larger, consisting of many families. Tribes have more social institutions, such as a chief, big man, or elders. Tribes are also more permanent than bands; a band can cease to exist if only a small group splits off or dies. Many tribes are subdivided into bands.
French sociologist Michel Maffesoli was perhaps the first to use the term neotribalism in a scholarly context in his 1988 book The Time of the Tribes.Maffesoli predicted that as the culture and institutions of modernism declined, societies would embrace nostalgia and look to the organizational principles of the distant past for guidance, and that therefore the post-modern era would be the era ...
When the Spanish colonised the New World, they used the word to mean a 'clan or lineage'. It was, however, the Portuguese, the first Europeans to reach India by sea in 1498, to first employ casta in the primary modern sense of the English word 'caste' when they applied it to the thousands of endogamous, hereditary Indian social groups they ...
Thus, foragers as an economic type tend to have band organization. Similarly, many pastoralists and horticulturalists have lived in tribal societies or, more simply, tribes. While most chiefdoms had farming economies, herding was important in some of the Middle Eastern chiefdoms. The non-industrial states usually had an agricultural base.
-- (1960) Tribe, caste, and nation: a study of political activity and political change in highland Orissa. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.-- (1963) Politics and Social Change: Orissa in 1959. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 9780196352022.-- (1969) Stratagems and spoils: a social anthropology of politics. Oxford ...