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A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF, or TOF; see spelling differences) is an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea. TEF is a common congenital abnormality, but when occurring late in life is usually the sequela of surgical procedures such as a laryngectomy .
A tracheo-esophageal puncture (or tracheoesophageal puncture) is a surgically created hole between the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus (food pipe) in a person who has had a total laryngectomy, a surgery where the larynx (voice box) is removed. The purpose of the puncture is to restore a person’s ability to speak after the vocal cords ...
Characterized by the presence of a "gap" between the two esophageal blind pouches with no fistula present. 7% Type B Type 3A II Esophageal Atresia with proximal TEF (tracheoesophageal fistula) The upper esophageal pouch connects abnormally to the trachea. The lower esophageal pouch ends blindly. 2-3% Type C Type 3B III, IV
Twenty to 27% of individuals with a laryngeal cleft also have a tracheoesophageal fistula and approximately 6% of individuals with a fistula also have a cleft. [4] Other congenital anomalies commonly associated with laryngeal cleft are gastro-oesophageal reflux, tracheobronchomalacia, congenital heart defect, dextrocardia and situs inversus. [5]
A high lesion, in which the colon is higher up in the pelvis and there is a fistula connecting the rectum and the bladder, urethra or the vagina. A persistent cloaca (from the term cloaca, an analogous orifice in birds, reptiles and amphibians), in which the rectum, vagina and urinary tract are joined into a single channel.
Herpes esophagitis is a viral infection of the esophagus caused by Herpes simplex virus (HSV). While the disease most often occurs in immunocompromised patients, including post- chemotherapy , immunosuppression with organ transplants [ 1 ] and in AIDS , [ 2 ] herpes esophagitis can also occur in immunocompetent individuals.
It can be caused by or associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, [1] esophagitis, a dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter, disordered motility, lye ingestion, or a hiatal hernia. Strictures can form after esophageal surgery and other treatments such as laser therapy or photodynamic therapy. While the area heals, a scar forms, causing ...
Esophageal rupture, also known as Boerhaave syndrome, is a rupture of the esophageal wall. Iatrogenic causes account for approximately 56% of esophageal perforations, usually due to medical instrumentation such as an endoscopy or paraesophageal surgery. [1] The 10% of esophageal perforations caused specifically by vomiting are termed Boerhaave ...