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  2. University student retention - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_student_retention

    University student retention, sometimes referred to as persistence, is a process to improve student graduation rates and decrease a loss of tuition revenue via university programs. [ 1 ] In United States

  3. Renal physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_physiology

    The kidney's ability to perform many of its functions depends on the three fundamental functions of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, whose sum is called renal clearance or renal excretion. That is: Urinary excretion rate = Filtration rate – Reabsorption rate + Secretion rate [1]

  4. Retention rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retention_rate

    Retention rate is a statistical measurement of the proportion of people that remain involved with a group from one time period to another. The concept is used in many contexts, including marketing, investment, education, employee management, research, and clinical trials.

  5. Fractional excretion of sodium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_excretion_of_sodium

    FE Na can be useful in the evaluation of acute kidney failure in the context of low urine output. Low fractional excretion indicates sodium retention by the kidney, suggesting pathophysiology extrinsic to the urinary system such as volume depletion or decrease in effective circulating volume (e.g. low output heart failure).

  6. Urinary retention - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_retention

    Other patients may develop a shock-like condition and may require admission to a hospital. Serious complications of untreated urinary retention include bladder damage and chronic kidney failure. [4] Urinary retention is a disorder treated in a hospital, and the quicker one seeks treatment, the fewer the complications. [citation needed]

  7. Nephrology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrology

    Nephrology is a specialty for both adult internal medicine and pediatric medicine that concerns the study of the kidneys, specifically normal kidney function (renal physiology) and kidney disease (renal pathophysiology), the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation).

  8. Renal compensation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_compensation

    Renal compensation is a mechanism by which the kidneys can regulate the plasma pH. It is slower than respiratory compensation , but has a greater ability to restore normal values. Kidneys maintain the acid-base balance through two mechanisms: (1) the secretion of H + ions into the urine (from the blood) and (2) the reabsorption of bicarbonate ...

  9. Renal sodium reabsorption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_sodium_reabsorption

    Sodium is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle, by Na-K-2Cl symporter and Na-H antiporter.It goes against its chemical driving force, but the high electrical driving force renders the overall electrochemical driving force positive anyway, availing some sodium to diffuse passively either the transcellular or paracellular way.