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With the civil war over, Julius Caesar elaborated plans for a campaign against Parthia, but his assassination averted the war. During the ensuing Liberators' civil war, the Parthians actively supported Brutus and Cassius, sending a contingent which fought with them at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC. [11] Parthia, its subkingdoms, and neighbors ...
The Pompeian–Parthian invasion of 40 BC occurred after the Pompeians, backed by the Parthian Empire, had been defeated during the Liberators' civil war by Mark Antony and Octavian. King Orodes II sent a Parthian force under Prince Pacorus I and Pompeian General Quintus Labienus in 40 BC to invade the eastern Roman territories while Antony was ...
The Roman–Parthian War of 58–63 or the War of the Armenian Succession [3] was fought between the Roman Empire and the Parthian Empire over control of Armenia, a vital buffer state between the two realms.
Julius Caesar, after ensuring victory in his civil war, planned a campaign into the Parthian Empire in 44 BC to avenge the earlier defeat of a Roman army led by Marcus Licinius Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae. Caesar's plan was, after a brief pacification of Dacia, to continue east into Parthian territory. [8]
Afterward, occasional clashes in border regions continued, though Parthian raids into Syria and Cilicia were largely repelled by the Romans. [7] Parthia subsequently took Pompey's side in the civil war against Caesar. [8] [a] In 45 BC, Caesar emerged victorious in the civil war, and turned his attention east for his next campaign. [9]
The Parthian war of Caracalla was an unsuccessful campaign by the Roman Empire under Caracalla against the Parthian Empire in 216–17 AD. It was the climax of a four-year period, starting in 213, when Caracalla pursued a lengthy campaign in central and eastern Europe and the Near East . [ 3 ]
The war against Parthia resulted from political arrangements intended to be mutually beneficial for Marcus Licinius Crassus, Pompeius Magnus, and Julius Caesar, the so-called First Triumvirate. In March and April 56 BC, meetings were held at Ravenna and Luca , in Caesar's province of Cisalpine Gaul , to reaffirm the weakening alliance formed ...
The largest number of soldiers that the Parthians are recorded to have mustered were 50,000 against the Roman politician Mark Antony. [1] Each division of the Parthian army had its standard, which either displayed an image of a dragon, eagle, or the sun. The imperial banner seems to have been the Derafsh Kaviani, the national emblem of Iran. [1 ...