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  2. Opium Wars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_Wars

    By 1833, the Chinese opium trade soared to 30,000 chests. [6] British and American merchants sent opium to warehouses in the free-trade port of Canton, and sold it to Chinese smugglers. [7] [9] In 1834, the EIC's monopoly on British trade with China ceased, and the opium trade burgeoned.

  3. First Opium War - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Opium_War

    The First Opium War (Chinese: 第一次鴉片戰爭; pinyin: Dìyīcì yāpiàn zhànzhēng), also known as the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of military engagements fought between the British Empire and the Qing Dynasty of China between 1839 and 1842.

  4. Second Opium War - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Opium_War

    In China, the First Opium War is considered to have been the beginning of modern Chinese history. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Between the two wars, repeated acts of aggression against British subjects led in 1847 to the Expedition to Canton which assaulted and took, by a coup de main , the forts of the Bocca Tigris resulting in the spiking of 879 guns.

  5. Century of humiliation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_of_humiliation

    Western and Japanese trade in opium to China (1800s–1940s) Defeat in the First Opium War (1839–1842) by the British and the occupation of Hong Kong. The unequal treaties (in particular, Nanjing, Whampoa, Aigun, and Shimonoseki) Defeat in the Second Opium War (1856–1860) and the sacking and looting of the Old Summer Palace by Anglo-French ...

  6. Battle of Kowloon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kowloon

    The skirmish was the first armed conflict of the First Opium War and occurred when British boats opened fire on Chinese war junks enforcing a food sales embargo on the British community. The ban was ordered after a Chinese man died in a brawl with drunk British sailors at Tsim Sha Tsui .

  7. Battle of Chinkiang - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chinkiang

    The Battle of Chinkiang (Chinese: 鎮江之戰) was fought between British and Chinese forces in Zhenjiang (Chinkiang), Jiangsu province, China, on 21 July 1842 during the First Opium War. It was the last major battle of the war. The Chinese force consisted of a garrison of Manchu and Mongol Bannermen. [7]

  8. Battle of Canton (1857) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Canton_(1857)

    The Battle of Canton (Chinese: 廣州城戰役) was fought by British and French forces against Qing China on 28–31 December 1857 during the Second Opium War.The British High Commissioner, Lord Elgin, was keen to take the city of Canton as a demonstration of power and to capture Chinese official Ye Mingchen, who had resisted British attempts to implement the 1842 Treaty of Nanking.

  9. Royal Commission on Opium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Opium

    It was these exports of Indian opium that sparked the Opium Wars between the UK and China. [2] The small proportion of opium that remained in India was sold under a licensed regime, with 10,118 shops selling opium to the general public across the subcontinent, with only one for every 21,000 people. [3]