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New scalar operations such as string concatenation and substring extraction, date and time mathematics, and conditional statements. New set operations such as UNION, UNION ALL, CROSS JOIN, and formalized JOIN types (INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL OUTER JOIN). Conditional expressions with CASE. For an example, see Case (SQL).
Right and left outer joins are functionally equivalent. Neither provides any functionality that the other does not, so right and left outer joins may replace each other as long as the table order is switched. A Venn diagram representing the full join SQL statement between tables A and B.
Title Authors ----- ----- SQL Examples and Guide 4 The Joy of SQL 1 An Introduction to SQL 2 Pitfalls of SQL 1 Under the precondition that isbn is the only common column name of the two tables and that a column named title only exists in the Book table, one could re-write the query above in the following form:
The sort-merge join (also known as merge join) is a join algorithm and is used in the implementation of a relational database management system. The basic problem of a join algorithm is to find, for each distinct value of the join attribute, the set of tuples in each relation which display that value. The key idea of the sort-merge algorithm is ...
This list includes SQL reserved words – aka SQL reserved keywords, [1] [2] as the SQL:2023 specifies and some RDBMSs have added. Reserved words in SQL and related products In SQL:2023 [ 3 ]
John Legend has a special place in his heart for one specific song.. While chatting with reporters in the press room at the 2025 Grammy Awards in Los Angeles on Feb. 2, the singer, 46, opened up ...
The longest common substrings of a set of strings can be found by building a generalized suffix tree for the strings, and then finding the deepest internal nodes which have leaf nodes from all the strings in the subtree below it. The figure on the right is the suffix tree for the strings "ABAB", "BABA" and "ABBA", padded with unique string ...
The recursive join is an operation used in relational databases, also sometimes called a "fixed-point join". It is a compound operation that involves repeating the join operation, typically accumulating more records each time, until a repetition makes no change to the results (as compared to the results of the previous iteration).