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  2. Essay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essay

    Essay. An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of a letter, a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have been sub-classified as formal and informal: formal essays are characterized by "serious purpose, dignity, logical organization ...

  3. Logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic

    Logic. Logic studies valid forms of inference like modus ponens. Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises based on the structure of arguments alone, independent of their topic ...

  4. Formal language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_language

    t. e. Structure of the syntactically well-formed, although thoroughly nonsensical, English sentence, "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously" (historical example from Chomsky 1957) In logic, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics, a formal language consists of words whose letters are taken from an alphabet and are well-formed according ...

  5. English personal pronouns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_personal_pronouns

    The English personal pronouns are a subset of English pronouns taking various forms according to number, person, case and grammatical gender. Modern English has very little inflection of nouns or adjectives, to the point where some authors describe it as an analytic language, but the Modern English system of personal pronouns has preserved some of the inflectional complexity of Old English and ...

  6. Brazilian Portuguese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese

    From this point of view, the L-variant is the spoken form of Brazilian Portuguese, which should be avoided only in very formal speech (court interrogation, political debate) while the H-variant is the written form of Brazilian Portuguese, avoided only in informal writing (such as song lyrics, love letters, intimate friends correspondence).

  7. American and British English grammatical differences

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_and_British...

    In British English (BrE), collective nouns can take either singular (formal agreement) or plural (notional agreement) verb forms, according to whether the emphasis is on the body as a whole or on the individual members respectively; compare a committee was appointed with the committee were unable to agree.

  8. Formal grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_grammar

    t. e. A formal grammar describes which strings from an alphabet of a formal language are valid according to the language's syntax. A grammar does not describe the meaning of the strings or what can be done with them in whatever context—only their form. A formal grammar is defined as a set of production rules for such strings in a formal language.

  9. Salutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salutation

    Salutation. A salutation is a greeting used in a letter or other communication. Salutations can be formal or informal. The most common form of salutation in an English letter includes the recipient's given name or title. For each style of salutation there is an accompanying style of complimentary close, known as valediction.