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The modern Latvian orthography is based on Latin script adapted to phonetic principles, following the pronunciation of the language. The standard alphabet consists of 33 letters – 22 unmodified Latin letters and 11 modified by diacritics. It was developed by the Knowledge Commission of the Riga Latvian Association in 1908, and was approved ...
Latvian (endonym: latviešu valoda, pronounced [ˈlatviɛʃu ˈvaluɔda]), [3] also known as Lettish, [4] is an East Baltic language belonging to the Indo-European language family. It belongs to the Baltic subbranch of the Balto-Slavic branch of the family and it is spoken in the Baltic region. It is the language of Latvians and the official ...
Vidzeme (pronounced [ˈvid̪͡z̪eme]; Old Latvian orthography: Widda-semme, Livonian: Vidūmō [3]) is one of the Historical Latvian Lands. The capital of Latvia, Riga, is situated in the southwestern part of the region. Literally meaning "the Middle Land", it is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River.
Latvian nouns can be classified as either declinable or indeclinable. Most Latvian nouns are declinable, and regular nouns belong to one of six declension classes (three for masculine nouns, and three for feminine nouns). Latvian nouns have seven grammatical cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative and vocative.
Standard Latvian and, with a few minor exceptions, all of the Latvian dialects, have fixed initial stress. [1] Long vowels and diphthongs have a tone, regardless of their position in the word. This includes the so-called "mixed diphthongs", composed of a short vowel followed by a sonorant. There are three types of tones: level (also drawling ...
Its orthography is similar to Latvian orthography, but has two additional letters: y represents [ɨ]), an allophone of /i/ which is absent in standard Latvian. The letter ō survives from the pre-1957 Latvian orthography, but is used less during modern times in Latgalian and is being replaced by two letters uo that represent the same sound.
Jānis Endzelīns (22 February 1873 – 1 July 1961) was a Latvian linguist. He graduated from the University of Tartu. [1] In 1908, he and Kārlis Mīlenbahs developed the modern Latvian alphabet, which slowly replaced the old orthography used before. He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1936.
Latvian phonology. Latvian State Language Center. List of Latvian words borrowed from Old East Slavic.