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Glossary of mathematical symbols. A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various ...
Square root. Notation for the (principal) square root of x. For example, √ 25 = 5, since 25 = 5 ⋅ 5, or 52 (5 squared). In mathematics, a square root of a number x is a number y such that ; in other words, a number y whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or ) is x. [1] For example, 4 and −4 are square roots of 16 ...
Rooted graph. In mathematics, and, in particular, in graph theory, a rooted graph is a graph in which one vertex has been distinguished as the root. [1][2] Both directed and undirected versions of rooted graphs have been studied, and there are also variant definitions that allow multiple roots. Rooted graphs may also be known (depending on ...
A graph is d-regular when all of its vertices have degree d. A regular graph is a graph that is d-regular for some d. regular tournament A regular tournament is a tournament where in-degree equals out-degree for all vertices. reverse See transpose. root 1. A designated vertex in a graph, particularly in directed trees and rooted graphs. 2.
In mathematics, a zero (also sometimes called a root) of a real -, complex -, or generally vector-valued function , is a member of the domain of such that vanishes at ; that is, the function attains the value of 0 at , or equivalently, is a solution to the equation . 1 A "zero" of a function is thus an input value that produces an output of 0 ...
The rooted product of graphs. In mathematical graph theory, the rooted product of a graph G and a rooted graph H is defined as follows: take |V ( G) | copies of H, and for every vertex vi of G, identify vi with the root node of the i -th copy of H . More formally, assuming that. and that the root node of H is h1, define. where. and.
Graph of the real-valued square root function, f(x) = √ x, whose domain consists of all nonnegative real numbers. In mathematics, the domain of a function is the set of inputs accepted by the function. It is sometimes denoted by or , where f is the function. In layman's terms, the domain of a function can generally be thought of as ...
n. th root. In mathematics, an nth root of a number x is a number r (the root) which, when raised to the power of the positive integer n, yields x: The integer n is called the index or degree, and the number x of which the root is taken is the radicand. A root of degree 2 is called a square root and a root of degree 3, a cube root.