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  2. Transparent ceramics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparent_ceramics

    Transparent spinel (MgAl 2 O 4) ceramic is used traditionally for applications such as high-energy laser windows because of its excellent transmission in visible wavelengths and mid-wavelength infrared (0.2–5.0 μm) when combined with selected materials – source: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [citation needed] Many ceramic materials, both ...

  3. Aluminium oxynitride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_oxynitride

    Aluminium oxynitride (marketed under the name ALON by Surmet Corporation [3]) is a transparent ceramic composed of aluminium, oxygen and nitrogen. Aluminium oxynitride is optically transparent (≥ 80%) in the near-ultraviolet, visible, and mid-wave- infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is four times as hard as fused silica ...

  4. Transparency and translucency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency

    Transparency and translucency. Dichroic filters are created using optically transparent materials. In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without appreciable scattering of light. On a macroscopic scale (one in which the dimensions are ...

  5. Yttralox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttralox

    Yttralox is a transparent ceramic consisting of yttria (Y 2 O 3) containing approximately 10% thorium dioxide (ThO 2 ). [1] [2] It was one of the first transparent ceramics produced, [3] and was invented in 1966 by Richard C. Anderson at the General Electric Research Laboratory while sintering mixtures of rare earth minerals .

  6. Ceramic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic

    A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant, and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. [1][2] Common examples are earthenware, porcelain, and brick. The earliest ceramics made by humans were fired clay bricks used for building ...

  7. Iznik pottery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iznik_pottery

    Iznik pottery. Iznik pottery, or Iznik ware, named after the town of İznik in Anatolia where it was made, is a decorated ceramic that was produced from the last quarter of the 15th century until the end of the 17th century. Turkish stylization is a reflection of Chinese porcelain. [1]

  8. Porcelain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain

    Porcelain (/ ˈpɔːrs (ə) lɪn /) is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between 1,200 and 1,400 °C (2,200 and 2,600 °F). The greater strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arise mainly from vitrification and the formation of the ...

  9. Glass-ceramic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass-ceramic

    Glass-ceramic. Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline materials produced through controlled crystallization of base glass, producing a fine uniform dispersion of crystals throughout the bulk material. Crystallization is accomplished by subjecting suitable glasses to a carefully regulated heat treatment schedule, resulting in the nucleation and ...