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Gemstone irradiation is a process in which a gemstone is exposed to artificial radiation in order to enhance its optical properties. High levels of ionizing radiation can change the atomic structure of the gemstone's crystal lattice , which in turn alters the optical properties within it. [ 1 ]
The irradiation process is widely practiced in jewelry industry [12] and enabled the creation of gemstone colors that do not exist or are extremely rare in nature. [13] However, particularly when done in a nuclear reactor, the processes can make gemstones radioactive. Health risks related to the residual radioactivity of the treated gemstones ...
The irradiation process is widely practiced in jewelry industry [45] and enabled the creation of gemstone colors that do not exist or are extremely rare in nature. [46] However, particularly when done in a nuclear reactor , the processes can make gemstones radioactive.
Mineral symbols (text abbreviations) are used to abbreviate mineral groups, subgroups, and species, just as lettered symbols are used for the chemical elements.. The first set of commonly used mineral symbols was published in 1983 and covered the common rock-forming minerals using 192 two- or three-lettered symbols. [1]
Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 (F, OH) 2.It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow-orange. [7]
Numbered clockwise from left bottom: (1) 2×2 mm initial; top row (2,3,4) irradiated by different doses of 2 MeV electrons; bottom right (5,6) irradiated by different doses and annealed at 800 °C. Sir William Crookes , a gem fancier as well as a chemist and physicist , was the first to discover radiation's effects on diamond color when in 1904 ...
Some irradiated diamonds are completely natural; one famous example is the Dresden Green Diamond. [11] In these natural stones the color is imparted by "radiation burns" (natural irradiation by alpha particles originating from uranium ore) in the form of small patches, usually only micrometers deep. Additionally, Type IIa diamonds can have ...
Possible uses for electron irradiation include sterilization, alteration of gemstone colors, and cross-linking of polymers. Electron energies typically vary from the keV to MeV range, depending on the depth of penetration required. The irradiation dose is usually measured in grays but also in Mrads (1 Gy is equivalent to 100 rad).