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Paschen's law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is, the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length. [2] [3] It is named after Friedrich Paschen who discovered it empirically in 1889. [4]
The relationship between this breakdown voltage and the pd product—where p is the gas pressure and d is the distance between the electrodes—is referred to as Paschen's law. [1] [2] For a range of gas molecules, the breakdown voltage estimated by Paschen's law has a minimum value of around pd = 1-10 Torr cm. This suggests that in order to ...
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Townsend's early experimental apparatus consisted of planar parallel plates forming two sides of a chamber filled with a gas.A direct-current high-voltage source was connected between the plates, the lower-voltage plate being the cathode and the upper-voltage the anode.
The breakdown voltage for the glow discharge depends nonlinearly on the product of gas pressure and electrode distance according to Paschen's law. For a certain pressure × distance value, there is a lowest breakdown voltage.
Breakdown voltage is a characteristic of an insulator that defines the maximum voltage difference that can be applied across the material before the insulator conducts. In solid insulating materials, this usually [citation needed] creates a weakened path within the material by creating permanent molecular or physical changes by the sudden current.
The reason for a prolonged period of time before the lamp restrikes is to due the elevated pressure, which leads to higher breakdown voltage of the gas inside (voltage needed to start an arc – Paschen's law), which is outside the capabilities of the ballast. Because of this, many mercury-vapor lamps have a secondary lamp to function as a ...
Paschen-Back effect, the splitting of atomic energy levels in the presence of a strong magnetic field Paschen series, a Hydrogen spectral series in the infrared band Paschen's law , an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of ...