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GPT-2: GPT-1, but with modified normalization 1.5 billion WebText: 40 GB of text, 8 million documents, from 45 million webpages upvoted on Reddit. February 14, 2019 (initial/limited version) and November 5, 2019 (full version) [40] "tens of petaflop/s-day", [41] or 1.5e21 FLOPS. [42] GPT-3: GPT-2, but with modification to allow larger scaling ...
The GPT-1 architecture was a twelve-layer decoder-only transformer, using twelve masked self-attention heads, with 64-dimensional states each (for a total of 768). Rather than simple stochastic gradient descent , the Adam optimization algorithm was used; the learning rate was increased linearly from zero over the first 2,000 updates to a ...
A chatbot is a software application or web interface that is designed to mimic human conversation through text or voice interactions. [1] [2] [3] Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner.
For example, training of the GPT-2 (i.e. a 1.5-billion-parameters model) in 2019 cost $50,000, while training of the PaLM (i.e. a 540-billion-parameters model) in 2022 cost $8 million, and Megatron-Turing NLG 530B (in 2021) cost around $11 million. [56] For Transformer-based LLM, training cost is much higher than inference cost.
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ChatGPT, a chatbot built on top of OpenAI's GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 family of large language models. [52] Claude, a family of large language models developed by Anthropic and launched in 2023. Claude LLMs achieved high coding scores in several recognized LLM benchmarks.
Code Llama is a fine-tune of LLaMa 2 with code specific datasets. 7B, 13B, and 34B versions were released on August 24, 2023, with the 70B releasing on the January 29, 2024. [29] Starting with the foundation models from LLaMa 2, Meta AI would train an additional 500B tokens of code datasets, before an additional 20B token of long-context data ...
Copilot's OpenAI Codex was trained on a selection of the English language, public GitHub repositories, and other publicly available source code. [2] This includes a filtered dataset of 159 gigabytes of Python code sourced from 54 million public GitHub repositories. [15] OpenAI's GPT-3 is licensed exclusively to Microsoft, GitHub's parent ...