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  2. Coupling constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupling_constant

    Hence, the actual value of the coupling constant is only defined at a given energy scale. In QCD, the Z boson mass scale is typically chosen, providing a value of the strong coupling constant of α s (M Z 2) = 0.1179 ± 0.0010. [7] In 2023 Atlas measured α s (M Z 2) = 0.1183 ± 0.0009 the most precise so far.

  3. Strong interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

    The strong force is the expression of the gluon interaction with other quark and gluon particles. All quarks and gluons in QCD interact with each other through the strong force. The strength of interaction is parameterized by the strong coupling constant.

  4. Perturbative quantum chromodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbative_quantum...

    Perturbative quantum chromodynamics (also perturbative QCD) is a subfield of particle physics in which the theory of strong interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), is studied by using the fact that the strong coupling constant is small in high energy or short distance interactions, thus allowing perturbation theory techniques to be applied.

  5. Yukawa interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukawa_interaction

    In particle physics, Yukawa's interaction or Yukawa coupling, named after Hideki Yukawa, is an interaction between particles according to the Yukawa potential. Specifically, it is between a scalar field (or pseudoscalar field) ϕ and a Dirac field ψ of the type

  6. Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

    The strong coupling constant is conventionally labelled g s (or simply g where there is no ambiguity). The observations leading to the discovery of this part of the Standard Model are discussed in the article in quantum chromodynamics .

  7. Quantum chromodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics

    Moreover, the above-mentioned stiffness is quantitatively related to the so-called "area law" behavior of the expectation value of the Wilson loop product P W of the ordered coupling constants around a closed loop W; i.e. is proportional to the area enclosed by the loop. For this behavior the non-abelian behavior of the gauge group is essential.

  8. Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

    Download as PDF; Printable version; ... g s is the strong coupling constant. ... and SU(2) coupling constants respectively, ...

  9. Color confinement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_confinement

    Most evidence points to a moderately large coupling, typically of value 1-3 [7] depending on the choice of renormalization scheme. In contrast to the simple but erroneous mechanism of infrared slavery , a large coupling is but one ingredient for color confinement, the other one being that gluons are color-charged and can therefore collapse into ...