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Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge.Also called "theory of knowledge", it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to epistemology: Epistemology (aka theory of knowledge ) – branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge . [ 1 ] The term was introduced into English by the Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864). [ 2 ]
Research on epistemic cognition has drawn on research in epistemology, the area of philosophy concerned with the nature of knowledge. [1] The seminal work in the area is characterised as research on student development and as an area of developmental psychology. More recent work has sought to situate epistemic cognition in a broad non ...
The metaphysical distinction between necessary and contingent truths has also been related to a priori and a posteriori knowledge.. A proposition that is necessarily true is one in which its negation is self-contradictory; it is true in every possible world.
A prominent example in epistemology is the use of intuitions regarding Gettier cases to test theories of knowledge. [28] Intuitions are also used in the process of reflective equilibrium, in which conflicting intuitions are brought into alignment by modifying or removing intuitions until they form a coherent system of beliefs. [29]
For example, a doctor may prescribe a patient medication for an illness, but it could later turn out that a placebo is equally effective. Thus, untrue concepts could appear to be working contrary to the purpose of the pragmatic test. However, it has validity as a test, particularly in the form William Ernest Hocking called "negative pragmatism ...
PETA is pitching an edible alternative to Punxsutawney Phil predicting the weather this upcoming Groundhog Day: A cake that when cut is blue or pink.
Applied epistemology is also used in evaluating philosophical issues. This is the case when empirical perspective is applied to test philosophical theories. [35] While this approach does not eliminate analytic and conceptual issues, it can make them clearer. [35]