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The Tokyo Charter defines war crimes as "violations of the laws or customs of war," [22] which involves acts using prohibited weapons, violating battlefield norms while engaging in combat with the enemy combatants, or against protected persons, [23] including enemy civilians and citizens and property of neutral states as in the case of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
The Japanese lieutenant responsible was disciplined, but a group of senior officers decided to attribute the incident to resistance by local people. [ 6 ] In his diary, Japanese commander Taro Utsunomiya wrote that the incident would hurt the reputation of the Japanese Empire and acknowledged that the Japanese soldiers committed murder and ...
The church was immediately engulfed in flames, and the Japanese soldiers committed atrocities by stabbing and eventually exterminating all those who jumped out of the fire. [ 5 ] [ 4 ] After the Japanese army returned, the distraught families retrieved the charred bodies, barely dressed it, and held a funeral.
After the massacre, Korean survivors painstakingly documented the extent of the massacre. Based on their testimonies, Japanese eyewitness accounts, and additional academic research, current estimates of the death toll range from 6,000 to 9,000. [25] [26] [27] Between 50 and 90 percent of the Korean population of Yokohama was killed. [24]
Japan’s government has long avoided discussing wartime atrocities, including the sexual abuse of Asian women known as “comfort women” and Korean forced laborers at Japanese mines and ...
A fifth of the Japanese garrison during this battle consisted of Korean laborers, where on the last night of the battle a combined 300 Japanese soldiers and Korean laborers did a last ditch charge. Like their Japanese counterparts, many of them were killed. [111] [112]
North Korea may have detained up to 50,000 South Korean POWs after the ceasefire. [25]: 141 Over 88,000 South Korean soldiers were missing and the KPA claimed they captured 70,000 South Koreans. [25]: 142 However, when ceasefire negotiations began in 1951, the KPA reported they held only 8,000 South Koreans.
The Mimizuka (耳塚, "Ear Mound" or "Ear Tomb"), which was renamed from Hanazuka (鼻塚, "Nose Mound"), [1] [2] [3] is a monument in Kyoto, Japan.It is dedicated to the sliced noses of killed Korean soldiers and civilians, [4] [5] [6] as well as those of Ming Chinese troops, [7] taken as war trophies during the Japanese invasions of Korea from 1592 to 1598.