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Pesticide application can artificially select for resistant pests. In this diagram, the first generation happens to have an insect with a heightened resistance to a pesticide (red) After pesticide application, its descendants represent a larger proportion of the population, because sensitive pests (white) have been selectively killed.
Approval has been granted to grow crops engineered to be resistant to the herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, [8] dicamba, [9] glufosinate [10] glyphosate, [11] sulfonylurea, [12] oxynil [13] mesotrione [14] and isoxaflutole [15] Most herbicide resistant GM crops have been engineered for glyphosate tolerance, in the USA 93% of soybeans ...
Examples in food crops include resistance to certain pests, diseases, environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to a herbicide), or improving the nutrient profile of the crop. Examples in non-food crops include production of pharmaceutical agents, biofuels, and other industrially useful ...
Farmers have manipulated plants and animals through selective breeding for decades of thousands of years in order to create desired traits. In the 20th century, a surge in technology resulted in an increase in agricultural biotechnology through the selection of traits like the increased yield, pest resistance, drought resistance, and herbicide resistance.
In 2015, Oxitec developed GM-diamondback moths which produce non-viable female larvae to control populations able to develop resistance to insecticides. The GM-insects were initially placed in cages for field trials. Earlier, the moth was the first crop pest to evolve resistance to DDT [27] and eventually became resistant to 45 other ...
Primary work is focused on developing tomatoes with new traits, such as increased resistance to pests or environmental stresses. [3] Other projects aim to enrich tomatoes with substances that may offer health benefits or be more nutritious. As well as aiming to produce novel crops, scientists produce genetically modified tomatoes to understand ...
Plants with transgenic/GM disease resistance against insect pests have been extremely successful as commercial products, especially in maize and cotton, and are planted annually on over 20 million hectares in over 20 countries worldwide [49] (see also genetically modified crops). Transgenic plant disease resistance against microbial pathogens ...
In 2013, a second issue being seen across the world, was the development of Bt resistant pests limiting the usefulness of Bt crops. [15] Main drivers for the widespread resistance in India and China included the high proportion of Bt cotton being planted, 90% and 95% respectively in 2011, [9] [16] and few refuge areas. [12] [17] [18]