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The insider-outsider theory is a theory of labor economics that explains how firm behavior, national welfare, and wage negotiations are affected by a group in a more privileged position. [1] The theory was developed by Assar Lindbeck and Dennis Snower in a series of publications beginning in 1984. [1][2][3] Wages set by insiders [4] The ...
Social protection, as defined by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, is concerned with preventing, managing, and overcoming situations that adversely affect people's well-being. [1] Social protection consists of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labour markets ...
Welfare trap. The welfare trap (aka the welfare cliff, unemployment trap, or poverty trap in British English) theory asserts that taxation and welfare systems can jointly contribute to keep people on social insurance because the withdrawal of means-tested benefits that comes with entering low-paid work causes there to be no significant increase ...
Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) is an unemployment benefit paid by the Government of the United Kingdom to people who are unemployed and actively seeking work. It is part of the social security benefits system and is intended to cover living expenses while the claimant is out of work. JSA is administered by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP ...
The social protection floor (SPF) [1] is the first level of protection in a national social protection system. It is a basic set of social rights derived from human right treaties, including access to essential services (such as health, education, housing, water and sanitation, and others, as defined nationally) and social transfers, in cash or in kind, to guarantee economic security, food ...
Unemployment benefits during the pandemic also replaced a bigger share of lost income than in previous recessions. The median replacement rate was 103% in 2020, versus 56% in 2009 and 64% in 2010 ...
Welfare spending. Welfare spending is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter. [1] Social security may either be synonymous with welfare, [a] or refer specifically to social insurance programs which provide support only to those who have previously contributed ...
There are many domestic factors affecting the U.S. labor force and employment levels. These include: economic growth; cyclical and structural factors; demographics; education and training; innovation; labor unions; and industry consolidation [2] In addition to macroeconomic and individual firm-related factors, there are individual-related factors that influence the risk of unemployment.