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Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in the blood is known as hypoxemia; a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia. Respiratory failure is classified as ...
In some instances, an impending respiratory arrest could be predetermined by signs the patient is showing, such as the increased work of breathing. Respiratory arrest will ensue once the patient depletes their oxygen reserves and loses the effort to breathe. Respiratory arrest should be distinguished from respiratory failure.
It presents with easily heard stridor, but with few other signs. [3] A total score of 6–11 is severe croup. It also presents with obvious stridor, but also features marked chest wall indrawing. [3] A total score of ≥ 12 indicates impending respiratory failure. The barking cough and stridor may no longer be prominent at this stage. [3]
Acute severe asthma. Silent chest, worsening symptoms despite use of medication. [1] Acute severe asthma, also known as status asthmaticus, is an acute exacerbation of asthma that does not respond to standard treatments of bronchodilators (inhalers) and corticosteroids. [2] Asthma is caused by multiple genes, some having protective effect, with ...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of respiratory failure characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs. [ 1 ] Symptoms include shortness of breath (dyspnea), rapid breathing (tachypnea), and bluish skin coloration (cyanosis). [ 1 ] For those who survive, a decreased quality of life is common.
The US Air Force trains air crews to recognize their subjective signs of approaching hypoxia. Some individuals experience headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and euphoria, and some become unconscious without warning. [9] Loss of consciousness may be accompanied by convulsions [9] and is followed by cyanosis and cardiac arrest.