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  2. J. J. Thomson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Thomson

    Thomson made the discovery around the same time that Walter Kaufmann and Emil Wiechert discovered the correct mass to charge ratio of these cathode rays (electrons). [ 35 ] The name "electron" was adopted for these particles by the scientific community, mainly due to the advocation by George Francis FitzGerald , Joseph Larmor , and Hendrik ...

  3. Plum pudding model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_pudding_model

    Thomson himself was a physicist and his atomic model was a byproduct of his investigations of cathode rays, by which he discovered electrons. Thomson hypothesized that the quantity, arrangement, and motions of electrons in the atom could explain its physical and chemical properties, such as emission spectra, valencies, reactivity, and ionization.

  4. Vortex theory of the atom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_theory_of_the_atom

    [3] [4] In it, Thomson developed a mathematical treatment of the motions of William Thomson and Peter Tait's atoms. [5] When Thomson later discovered the electron (for which he received a Nobel Prize), he abandoned his "nebular atom" hypothesis based on the vortex atomic theory, in favour of his plum pudding model.

  5. History of atomic theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_atomic_theory

    A 1905 diagram by J. J. Thomson illustrating his hypothesized arrangements of electrons in an atom, ranging from one to eight electrons. The arrangement of seven electrons in a pentagonal dipyramid. Atoms were thought to be the smallest possible division of matter until 1899 when J. J. Thomson discovered the electron through his work on cathode ...

  6. Thomson problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_problem

    The Thomson problem is a natural consequence of J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model in the absence of its uniform positive background charge. [ 12 ] "No fact discovered about the atom can be trivial, nor fail to accelerate the progress of physical science, for the greater part of natural philosophy is the outcome of the structure and mechanism ...

  7. Electron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron

    [33] [34]: 393 Decades of experimental and theoretical research involving cathode rays were important in J. J. Thomson's eventual discovery of electrons. [3] Goldstein also experimented with double cathodes and hypothesized that one ray may repulse another, although he didn't believe that any particles might be involved. [35]

  8. History of mass spectrometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mass_spectrometry

    Walter Kaufmann uses a mass spectrometer to measure the relativistic mass increase of electrons. 1905 J. J. Thomson begins his study of positive rays. 1906 Thomson is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases" 1913

  9. History of subatomic physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_subatomic_physics

    The development in the nascent quantum physics, such as Bohr model, led to the understanding of chemistry in terms of the arrangement of electrons in the mostly empty volume of atoms. In 1918, Rutherford confirmed that the hydrogen nucleus was a particle with a positive charge, which he named the proton .