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Thomson made the discovery around the same time that Walter Kaufmann and Emil Wiechert discovered the correct mass to charge ratio of these cathode rays (electrons). [ 35 ] The name "electron" was adopted for these particles by the scientific community, mainly due to the advocation by George Francis FitzGerald , Joseph Larmor , and Hendrik ...
A 1905 diagram by J. J. Thomson illustrating his hypothesized arrangements of electrons in an atom, ranging from one to eight electrons. The arrangement of seven electrons in a pentagonal dipyramid. Atoms were thought to be the smallest possible division of matter until 1899 when J. J. Thomson discovered the electron through his work on cathode ...
Thomson himself was a physicist and his atomic model was a byproduct of his investigations of cathode rays, by which he discovered electrons. Thomson hypothesized that the quantity, arrangement, and motions of electrons in the atom could explain its physical and chemical properties, such as emission spectra, valencies, reactivity, and ionization.
[34]: 364 [5] In the same year Emil Wiechert and Walter Kaufmann also calculated the e/m ratio but did not take the step of interpreting their results as showing a new particle, while J. J. Thomson would subsequently in 1899 give estimates for the electron charge and mass as well: e ~ 6.8 × 10 −10 esu and m ~ 3 × 10 −26 g [44] [45]
Walter Kaufmann uses a mass spectrometer to measure the relativistic mass increase of electrons. 1905 J. J. Thomson begins his study of positive rays. 1906 Thomson is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases" 1913
1897 J. J. Thomson discovered the electron; 1897 Emil Wiechert, Walter Kaufmann and J.J. Thomson discover the electron; 1898 Marie and Pierre Curie discovered the existence of the radioactive elements radium and polonium in their research of pitchblende; 1898 William Ramsay and Morris Travers discover neon, and negatively charged beta particles
When Bohr began his work on a new atomic theory in the summer of 1912 [8]: 237 the atomic model proposed by J J Thomson, now known as the Plum pudding model, was the best available. [9]: 37 Thomson proposed a model with electrons rotating in coplanar rings within an atomic-sized, positively-charged, spherical volume. Thomson showed that this ...
The development in the nascent quantum physics, such as Bohr model, led to the understanding of chemistry in terms of the arrangement of electrons in the mostly empty volume of atoms. In 1918, Rutherford confirmed that the hydrogen nucleus was a particle with a positive charge, which he named the proton .