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Diagram of a ciliate. A cytostome (from cyto-, cell and stome-, mouth) or cell mouth is a part of a cell specialized for phagocytosis, usually in the form of a microtubule-supported funnel or groove. Food is directed into the cytostome, and sealed into vacuoles. Only certain groups of protozoa, such as the Ciliophora and Excavata, have ...
P. caudatum feed on bacteria and small eukaryotic cells, such as yeast and flagellate algae. [2] the accumulated food particles, at the posterior end of the cytopharynx, are directed by the long cilia into the rounded, ball-like mass in the endoplasm called food vacuole. The food vacuoles are circulated by the streaming movement of the ...
A diagram of Paramecium caudatum. Species of Paramecium range in size from 0.06 mm to 0.3 mm in length. Cells are typically ovoid, elongate, or foot- or cigar-shaped. The body of the cell is enclosed by a stiff but elastic structure called the pellicle.
Unlike plants, fungi and most types of algae, most protozoa do not have a rigid external cell wall but are usually enveloped by elastic structures of membranes that permit movement of the cell. In some protozoa, such as the ciliates and euglenozoans , the outer membrane of the cell is supported by a cytoskeletal infrastructure, which may be ...
The locomotion of Amoeba proteus exhibits chaotic dynamics described by a low-dimensional chaotic attractor with a correlation dimension around 3-4, indicating that the seemingly random movement arises from deterministic cooperative interactions among a small number of processes like sol-gel transformations, cytoplasmic streaming, and calcium-mediated reactions. [7]
A trophozoite (G. trope, nourishment + zoon, animal) is the activated, feeding stage in the life cycle of certain protozoa such as malaria-causing Plasmodium falciparum and those of the Giardia group. [1] The complementary form of the trophozoite state is the thick-walled cyst form. They are often different from the cyst stage, which is a ...
The cell body is encircled by two ciliary bands, or pectinelles, an upper band and a lower band just below the midline. [4] This distinguishes them from the related genus Monodinium, which have only a single band, except during cell division. [5] The pectinelles are used to move Didinium through water by rotating the cell around its axis. [6]
A cell's ability to vitrify in the absence of metabolic activity, as in dormant periods, may be beneficial as a defense strategy. A solid glass cytoplasm would freeze subcellular structures in place, preventing damage, while allowing the transmission of tiny proteins and metabolites, helping to kickstart growth upon the cell's revival from ...