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Names of numbers above a trillion are rarely used in practice; such large numbers have practical usage primarily in the scientific domain, where powers of ten are expressed as 10 with a numeric superscript. However, these somewhat rare names are considered acceptable for approximate statements.
Visualization of 1 trillion (short scale) A Rubik's cube, which has about 43 trillion (long scale) possible positions. Trillion is a number with two distinct definitions: 1,000,000,000,000, i.e. one million million, or 10 12 (ten to the twelfth power), as defined on the short scale. This is now the meaning in both American and British English.
Astronomy: A light-year, as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one year, which is equivalent to about 9.46 trillion kilometers (9.46 × 10 12 km). Mathematics: 10 13 – The approximate number of known non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function as of 2004. [39]
Thus the "order of magnitude" of a number (on a larger scale than usually meant), can be characterized by the number of times (n) one has to take the to get a number between 1 and 10. Thus, the number is between 10 ↑ ↑ n {\displaystyle 10\uparrow \uparrow n} and 10 ↑ ↑ ( n + 1 ) {\displaystyle 10\uparrow \uparrow (n+1)} .
Thus, in France and Italy, some scientists then began using billion to mean 10 9, trillion to mean 10 12, etc. [28] This usage formed the origins of the later short scale. The majority of scientists either continued to say thousand million or changed the meaning of the Pelletier term, milliard , from "million of millions" down to "thousand ...
Later, French arithmeticians changed the words' meanings, adopting the short scale definition whereby three zeros rather than six were added at each step, so a billion came to denote a thousand million (10 9), a trillion became a million million (10 12), and so on. This new convention was adopted in the United States in the 19th century, but ...
Later Hindu and Buddhist texts have extended this list, but these lists are no longer mutually consistent and names of numbers larger than 10 8 differ between texts. For example, the Panchavimsha Brahmana lists 10 9 as nikharva , 10 10 vâdava , 10 11 akṣiti , while Śâṅkhyâyana Śrauta Sûtra has 10 9 nikharva , 10 10 samudra , 10 11 ...
Since the 1980s, his series have become the basis for the fastest algorithms currently used by Yasumasa Kanada and the Chudnovsky brothers to compute π. 1946 D. F. Ferguson: Made use of a desk calculator [24] 620: 1947 Ivan Niven: Gave a very elementary proof that π is irrational: January 1947 D. F. Ferguson: Made use of a desk calculator [24 ...