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Social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. [1] [2]As originally formulated by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, [3] social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour.
Henri Tajfel (born Hersz Mordche Tajfel; 22 June 1919 – 3 May 1982) was a Polish social psychologist, best known for his pioneering work on the cognitive aspects of prejudice and social identity theory, as well as being one of the founders of the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology.
[1] [2] [7] Social identity theory, proposed by Tajfel and Turner in 1979, describes the psychological basis of such bias and discrimination. [2] [8] The theory asserts that individuals have multiple selves, or multiple social identities, that interact with other people on different, yet necessary levels. [8]
This research follows Tajfel and Turner’s (1979) Social Identity Theory, which suggests that people derive a portion of their identity from the group they belong to. [10] This is because individuals are more likely to adopt the identity of their ingroup, which results in the widespread adoption of norms, values, and behaviours.
Henri Tajfel and colleagues originally developed the minimal group paradigm in the early 1970s as part of their attempt to understand the psychological basis of intergroup discrimination. [15] Tajfel's intention was to create groups with as little meaning as possible and then add meaning to discover at what point discrimination would occur. [16]
According to research done by Tajfel and colleagues, individuals rely on distinct identities as a way to find meaning and define themselves in the world. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] After a distinct identity is formed, social comparison with similar groups can pose a potential threat to group distinctiveness.
Social Identity Theory, developed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner, stated that social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept that comes from their awareness of being part of a social group (or groups) and the emotional importance they place on this membership. [8]
John Charles Turner (7 September 1947 – 24 July 2011) [1] was a British social psychologist who, along with colleagues, developed the self-categorization theory.Amongst other things, the theory states that the self is not a foundational aspect of cognition, but rather that the self is an outcome of cognitive processes and an interaction between the person and the social context. [2]