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Special education (also known as special-needs education, aided education, alternative provision, exceptional student education, special ed., SDC, and SPED) is the practice of educating students in a way that accommodates their individual differences, disabilities, and special needs. This involves the individually planned and systematically ...
The National Association for Special Educational Needs (NASEN) is the leading organisation in the United Kingdom which aims to promote the education, training, advancement and development of all those with special and additional support needs. The organisation provides advice, training and support to education professionals and its work on ...
An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a legal document under United States law that is developed for each public school child in the U.S. who needs special education. [1] IEPs must be reviewed every year to keep track of the child's educational progress. [ 2 ]
Special education in the United States enables students with exceptional learning needs to access resources through special education programs. "The idea of excluding students with any disability from public school education can be traced back to 1893, when the Massachusetts Supreme Court expelled a student merely due to poor academic ability". [1]
In the United Kingdom, special needs usually refers to special needs within an educational context. This is also referred to as special educational needs (SEN) or special educational needs and disabilities (SEND), and in Wales is referred to as additional learning needs (ALN, Welsh: Anghenion Dysgu Ychwanegol, ADY) since 2021. [4]
The 2001 Special Educational Needs and Disability Act outlawed discrimination against disabled pupils in schools, colleges and other education settings. [20] [22] It also introduced the Special Educational Needs and Disability Tribunal. [20] Prior to the Children and Families Act 2014, there were three levels of support in England and Wales:
Disability studies in education (DSE) is a field of academic study concerned with education research and practice related to disability.DSE scholars promote an understanding of disability from a social model of disability perspective to "challenge social, medical, and psychological models of disability as they relate to education". [1]
Inclusion has different historical roots/background which may be integration of students with severe disabilities in the US (who may previously been excluded from schools or even lived in institutions) [7] [8] [9] or an inclusion model from Canada and the US (e.g., Syracuse University, New York) which is very popular with inclusion teachers who believe in participatory learning, cooperative ...