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Local area networking standards such as Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 specifications use terminology from the seven-layer OSI model rather than the TCP/IP model. The TCP/IP model, in general, does not consider physical specifications, rather it assumes a working network infrastructure that can deliver media-level frames on the link.
The TCP/IP link layer has the operating scope of the link a host is connected to, and only concerns itself with hardware issues to the point of obtaining hardware (MAC) addresses for locating hosts on the link and transmitting data frames onto the link. The link-layer functionality was described in RFC 1122 and is defined differently than the ...
The MAC and LLC layers of IEEE 802 networks such as 802.3 Ethernet, 802.11 Wi-Fi, and 802.15.4 Zigbee operate at the data link layer. The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link layer protocol that can operate over several different physical layers, such as synchronous and asynchronous serial lines.
OSI model Layer Protocol data unit (PDU) Function [3]; Host layers 7 Application: Data: High-level protocols such as for resource sharing or remote file access, e.g. HTTP. 6
This regime is called the link in TCP/IP parlance and is the lowest component layer of the suite. The link includes all hosts accessible without traversing a router. The size of the link is therefore determined by the networking hardware design. In principle, TCP/IP is designed to be hardware independent and may be implemented on top of ...
The Layer 4: transport layer PDU is the segment or the datagram. The Layer 3: network layer PDU is the packet. The Layer 2: data link layer PDU is the frame. The Layer 1: physical layer PDU is the bit or, more generally, symbol. Given a context pertaining to a specific OSI layer, PDU is sometimes used as a synonym for its representation at that ...
The link layer is the lowest layer in the TCP/IP model. It is also referred to as the network interface layer and mostly equivalent to the data link layer plus physical layer in OSI . This particular layer has several unique security vulnerabilities that can be exploited by a determined adversary.
The network layer provides the means of transferring variable-length network packets from a source to a destination host via one or more networks. Within the service layering semantics of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) network architecture, the network layer responds to service requests from the transport layer and issues service requests to the data link layer.