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  2. DNA synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_synthesis

    DNA synthesis is the natural or artificial creation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. DNA is a macromolecule made up of nucleotide units, which are linked by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds, in a repeating structure.

  3. Artificial gene synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_gene_synthesis

    As DNA printing and DNA assembly methods have allowed commercial gene synthesis to become progressively and exponentially cheaper over the past years, [50] artificial gene synthesis represents a powerful and flexible engineering tool for creating and designing new DNA sequences and protein functions.

  4. Synthetic genomes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_genomes

    Synthetic genome is a synthetically built genome whose formation involves either genetic modification on pre-existing life forms or artificial gene synthesis to create new DNA or entire lifeforms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The field that studies synthetic genomes is called synthetic genomics .

  5. DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication

    As DNA synthesis continues, the original DNA strands continue to unwind on each side of the bubble, forming a replication fork with two prongs. In bacteria, which have a single origin of replication on their circular chromosome, this process creates a "theta structure" (resembling the Greek letter theta: θ). In contrast, eukaryotes have longer ...

  6. DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

    DNA can be twisted like a rope in a process called DNA supercoiling. With DNA in its "relaxed" state, a strand usually circles the axis of the double helix once every 10.4 base pairs, but if the DNA is twisted the strands become more tightly or more loosely wound. [43]

  7. Eukaryotic DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_DNA_replication

    Initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication is the first stage of DNA synthesis where the DNA double helix is unwound and an initial priming event by DNA polymerase α occurs on the leading strand. The priming event on the lagging strand establishes a replication fork.

  8. Synthetic genomics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_genomics

    Synthetic genomics is unlike genetic modification in the sense that it does not use naturally occurring genes in its life forms. It may make use of custom designed base pair series, though in a more expanded and presently unrealized sense synthetic genomics could utilize genetic codes that are not composed of the two base pairs of DNA that are currently used by life.

  9. DnaG - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DnaG

    DnaG (DNA primase) is an essential enzyme involved in the DNA replication fork Organic mechanism of oligonucleotide synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the 5' to 3' direction DnaG catalyzes the synthesis of oligonucleotides in five discrete steps: template binding, nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) binding, initiation, extension to form a primer ...