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  2. Diffraction from slits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction_from_slits

    Because diffraction is the result of addition of all waves (of given wavelength) along all unobstructed paths, the usual procedure is to consider the contribution of an infinitesimally small neighborhood around a certain path (this contribution is usually called a wavelet) and then integrate over all paths (= add all wavelets) from the source to the detector (or given point on a screen).

  3. Multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-wavelength_anomalous...

    Multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (sometimes Multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion; abbreviated MAD) is a technique used in X-ray crystallography that facilitates the determination of the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules (e.g. DNA, drug receptors) via solution of the phase problem. [1]

  4. Bragg's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragg's_law

    Bragg diffraction [9]: 16 Two beams with identical wavelength and phase approach a crystalline solid and are scattered off two different atoms within it. The lower beam traverses an extra length of 2dsinθ. Constructive interference occurs when this length is equal to an integer multiple of the wavelength of the radiation.

  5. Diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction

    Diffraction is the same physical effect as interference, but interference is typically applied to superposition of a few waves and the term diffraction is used when many waves are superposed. [1]: 433 Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word diffraction and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660.

  6. Anomalous X-ray scattering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomalous_X-ray_scattering

    Anomalous X-ray scattering (AXRS or XRAS) is a non-destructive determination technique within X-ray diffraction that makes use of the anomalous dispersion that occurs when a wavelength is selected that is in the vicinity of an absorption edge of one of the constituent elements of the sample. It is used in materials research to study nanometer ...

  7. Huygens–Fresnel principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens–Fresnel_principle

    These can be summarized in the fact that the wavelength of light is much smaller than the dimensions of any optical components encountered. [3] Kirchhoff's diffraction formula provides a rigorous mathematical foundation for diffraction, based on the wave equation. The arbitrary assumptions made by Fresnel to arrive at the Huygens–Fresnel ...

  8. Diffraction grating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction_grating

    A blazed diffraction grating reflecting only the green portion of the spectrum from a room's fluorescent lighting. For a diffraction grating, the relationship between the grating spacing (i.e., the distance between adjacent grating grooves or slits), the angle of the wave (light) incidence to the grating, and the diffracted wave from the grating is known as the grating equation.

  9. Lloyd's mirror - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd's_mirror

    In contrast, the Lloyd's mirror experiment does not use slits and displays two-source interference without the complications of an overlaid single-slit diffraction pattern. In Young's experiment, the central fringe representing equal path length is bright because of constructive interference. In contrast, in Lloyd's mirror, the fringe nearest ...